Heating apparatus



June 24, 193@ F. PUENING 3,767,614

HEATING APPARATUS Filed NOV. 25, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l 1 N VE N TOR.Ifhmzc/e/mg June 24, 1930. 'E PU'ENING 1,767,614

HEATNG APPARATUS Filed Nov. 25, 1927 3 .sheets-sheet 2 INVEN110R.

june 24, 1930. F PUENING 1,767,614

HEATING APPARATUS Filed NOV. 23, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

Patented June 24, 1930 UNITED STATES PATE! QFFICE HEATING APPARATUSApplication filed November 23, 1927. serial No. 235,153.

My invention relates to heating methods and apparatus andparticularly-to the art' of heating furnaces, chambers, retorts, leersand other structures in which it isQdesired to maintain a' uniformtemperature throughout a heating chamber that is below. the emlperatureof combustion of ordinary ue s.

An object of my invention is to provide 1o a system of heating in whichthe currents of hot gases may bereversed in direction by.

simple and reliable means for effecting such reversals. I

Anotherobject yof my invention is to provide means for the reversal ofheating gases that shall be capable of operation at temperatures whichwould ordinarily be destructive ofthe usual mechanical types ofreversing mechanisms.

A further object of my invention is to provide reversing mechanism forheating gases that shall be capable of reversing large quantitiesthereof without unduly increasing they dimensions and cost of thereversingmechanism.

The heating system of the present inven-Y tion is similar in its generalaspects to that shown and described in my Patent No.

1,542,)56,granted June 23, 1925. In the 3o patented construction, apiston that is provided with special cooling means operates to actuatethe heating gases through the -space to be heated in directions thatcorrespond to the direction of the piston.

While such lmechanism is capable of performing the work for which it isdesigned, the pistons and the chambers within which they operate arequite bulky when large volumes of gases are reciprocated 'and their 40mechanical construction isv attended with certain difficulties if thetem erature of the lgassls to be controlled therelgy is relatively naccordance with the presentfinvention,

I provide a system` in 'which gases are 'eriodically reversed in theirdirection of ow through the 'enclosure to be heated. The reversingmechanism com rises in general a series of .aspirators w ich may be,

for example, -in the form of steam jets' for Aa heating systemconstructed in accordance with my invention embodies suitable outercreating a forced draft in the one'or the other direction of flow of theheating gases in accordance with the position of the aspirators. Thelatter are preferably mounted on a swinging shaft by means of whlchtheir position may be reversed at desired times to correspondinglyeffect thereversal of the `flow of gases.

The details of my invention will be de.- scribed in connection with 4theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view in horizontalsection, taken on line I-l of Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is an elarged sectionalview of a detail of the swinging shaft and associated parts;

Fig.' 3 is a view in vertical section taken on line III-IH of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional wview of a portion of the structure ofFig. 1 that is provided with a modified apparatus for actuating andmixing the heating gases;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a further modification of the aspiratorsand associated parts; and

Fig. 6, is a fragmentary sectional View of a modified arrangement forproviding orifices for the aspirators.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and .3,

Wall 1, which may be of'rfractory or heat-- insulating material thatenclose achamber 2 to be heated, a mixin and reversing chainber 3 andhorizontal ues 4 and' 5 for connecting opposite sides of the chambers 2and 3. A .I

The fluesl 4 and 5 are connected by a hori-l zontal by-pass channel 6that is, nin vturn, connected by a duct 7 to a flue 8 extendingtransversely thereto and adjacent the ref. versing chamber 3. The flue 8is connected with a source of heated gases which maybe, for example,gases of combustion to be supplied `to the central portion of theby-pass channel 6 through the duct 7.

The outer end ofthe lchamber 2 is pro vided with an outlet opening 9,which communicates withy a chamber 10, in which is located any suitablerecuperating device such, for example, as a waste heat boiler 11. Wastegases from the chamber 10 escape through a duct 12 and may be conductedto any suitable means for disposing of them such, for example, as astack (not shown).

The reversing chamber 3 is provided with a curved orv arched side wall14, the central portion of which is of refractory material and the outeror end portions of which are respectively constituted of hollow castings15 and 16 that are each provided with a series of substantially circularorifices 17 and a relatively large rectangular opening 18. Within thechamber 3 is rotatably mounted a pipe 19 which supports and is connectedto a series of smaller pipes 20 and 21 that communicate withcorresponding nozzles 22 and 23. The inner ends of the pipes 21 and 22are perforated, as shown in Fig. 2.

As will be more clearly noted in Fig. 3, the orifices 17 are arranged intwo rows in each of the castings, the members of each row beingstaggered with. respect to the other. The nozzles 22 and 23, whichcorrespond in number and arrangement with the orifices 17, register withthe orifices of the one or the other casting, depending upon theposition of the pipe 19 andfits associated parts. The frameworkconstituted by the pipes 20 and 21 supports a rectangular member 24 thatis adapted to constitute a closure for the opening 18 in the one or theother casting 15 'or 16, in accordance with its position.

The pipe 19 is adapted to be supplied with. steam from the waste heatboiler 11 by means of a pipe line 26 that is connected to the pipe 19 bya slip joint 27. Each of the hollow castings 15 and 16 is provided withwater or other suitable cooling medium by means of a pipe 29 and a pipeline 30, through `which the cooling water may circulate. A pipe 31connects each of the hollow castings to the pipe 26 to provide an outletfor any steam that may be formed within the hollow castings.

The operation of the heating system ,shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 will nowbe described. It may be assumed that the enclosure 2 or heating chamberis filled with devices or material'tobe heated and which arerepresented, by way of example, as cylinders 33. It may be assumed alsothat the spaces within the walls 1 are filled with hot gases that havebeen supplied thereto throughthe fiuel 8. It may be 'assumed furtherthat the nozzles 22 and 23 are suppliedwith steam from the waste heatboiler 11 whereby they constitute aspirators for :forcing gases throughthe orifices 17 and in the direction of the arrows through the flue 4across'the chamber 2 and back through the flue y,5 Vand into thereversing chamber 4.through the orifices 17 and ythe relatively largeopening 18 of casting 16. The open- .i perature, supplied ing 18 offerslittle resistance' to the Howof the gases therethrough.

lt will be noted that hot gases at a temfor example, of 2800o F. arebeing from the flue 8 into the by-pass channel 6. The hot gases flow inthe direction of the arrows, together with t-he gases traversing theby-pass channel and a portion of the heat of the newly added gases 1stransferred to an adjacent strata of the older gases until these stratahave approximately the temperatures shown in Fig. 1. The gases leavingthe chamber' 2 have approximately a temperature of 1300o F., which ismaintained by the outer strata thereof until they reach the reversingchamber 3. intermediate strata of these gases may be slightly raised intemperature.

The gases of various temperatures that are received by the reversingchamber 3 are forced through the staggered orifices 17 by the aspirators22 `and 23 on lines that converge, whereby the gases are thoroughlymixed and the resultant temperature is approximately 1600o F.,'at whichthey are supplied to the heating chamber 2 and to the by-pass channel 6.

When the operation has continued for a desired period with theaspirators in the position shown in Fig. 1, the pipe 19 is rocked in aclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1, to cause the frameworkconnected thereto to assume the position shown in dotted lines. The pipe19 ruis provided with a pinion 34 for connection toa suitable reversingmechanism (not shown The aspirators now register with the orifices 17 ofthe casting 16 upon the opposite side of the chamber 3 and the member 24closes the corresponding opening 18. The conditions are now reversed andthe gases flow in the opposite direction, the temperatures of thevarious strata corresponding substantially to those described above. forthe inlet of hot gases and the outlet of relatively cool gasesrespectively are located at neutral points with respect to the pressuredifferentials, the addition of hot gases and the withdrawal of coolgases is not disturbed by the reversal of' flow of gases caused by thechange in position of the aspirators.

In the structure shown in Fig. 4, the wall surrounding the reversingchamber 35 is provided with two openings communicate with the flues 4and 5. In this construction, a hollow casting 38, that is .provided withorifices 39, is carried by pipes 40 and 41 that connect the pipe 19 tothe interior of the casting 38 whereby the latter is supplied withsteam.l The casting ,38 is, in turn, connected to a series of nozzles 4236 and 37 thatv Since the ducts 7 and 9 which correspond in characterwith-those shown in Fig. 3 and which register lwithl th correspondingorifices 39.

mamie The operation of the structure shown in' Fig. 4 is similar to thatpreviously described.

except that steam is supplied through the pipe 19, pipes 40 and 41 andcasting 38 to vthe nozzles 42. Steam is thus employed both `ing 37. Thedirection of How of gases is thereupon reversed and the opening 36constitutes the inlet for the reversing chamber 35. v

A modified'k structure for actuating the heating gases is shown in Fig.5. Two castings 45 and 46 are provided with orifices, certain of whichare in registry and through which 'gases are actuated by nozzles voraspirators that are res ectively connected to the hollow castings. teamis su plied through pipe 19 and connected pipes 4 and 48. The operationof this form of reversing mechanism is similar in every essentialrespect to thatv of the system of Fig. 4, except that a more eiiicientaspiration of the heating ases is produced by the successive series ooriiices in the superposed castings.

In the structure of Fi 6, a solid member '50, which may be of re ractorymaterial, is substituted for the hollow castings ofthe arrangementspreviously shown and described. Itmay be stationary, as in the system ofFig. 1, or it may be movable with s the nozzles, as in the arrangementof Fig. 4.

'The numberof jets o r nozzles may be varied as desired, itl beingapparent that the number is somewhat dependent `upon the size andcapacitybf the apparatus.

In special cases where gas is used as a.

fuel, the gas and the necessary air for combustion may both be highlycompressed and the mixture be blownthrough the jets instead of steam. Inthis case, the burnin jets of gas lames create the aspirating e feetupon the older gases," which are in this manner caused to circulate`through the heating chamber and are simultaneously reheated by theI jetames.' In such case, 4the iues 6, 7 and 8 are not needed. The reversalof the jetsy and the simultaneous control of the two large openings 18occurs as before.

yEconomical operation of the heating system of my invention isaccomplished through the simplicity of the mechanism for reversing'thedirection of How of gases., l It is further produced through provisionand operation of the two large openings through which the gases returninto the reversing chamber. These openings are alternately opened` andclosed slmultaneously with the reversal of the jets, so that thecirculated heating gases are forced through 'ino' to heating systems.

narrow jets but once, when leavin the reversing chamber. Their return1nto this chamber is effected easil tion through the one or t e otherlarge o ening. Economy isv further accomplishe by Athe fact that thesteam `supplied to the jets is produced in the waste heat boiler and inthe nozzle castings, the latter being thus kept cool while generatingthe steam. lt is further accomplished by providing for the desiredcooling effect, which the steam exand without fricerts in the shaft 19and in thev pipes, cast--' ings and jets forming the aspirating units,

withdrawal of a corres onding volume of.

gases is not affected by t in the system.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilledinthe art relate reversal of gases claim as my invention:

1. Heating apparatus comprising an en-l closure to be 'heated andmeansfor reciprocating hot gases through said enclosure,

.said means comprising aspirators for effecting the flow of ygases inaccordance with the i position of said aspirators. y

2. Heatlng apparatus comprrslng an enclosure to be heated and means forreciprocating hot gases through said enclosure, lsaid means comprlslngasplrators for effecting the iow of gases in accordancewith the positionof said aspirators, and means for shifting the position of said asirators.

. 3. Heating apparatus comprising a heating chamber, a second chamberhaving aspirating devices therein, flues for connecting said ychambersat the sides thereof, a by-pass channel for connecting said i'lues and achannel communicating with said bypasschannel and adapted to supply hotgases thereto.

4. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to bev heated and means forreciprocating hot gases through said enclosure, A

said means comprising a plurality of steam vjets directed at dierentangles for thoroughly mixing the gases to be circulated and for creatinga forced draft toward said enclosure.y

5. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to be heated and means forreciprocating hot gases through said enclosure,

said means comprising a plurality of steam jets directed at differentangles for thoroughly mixing the gases to be circulated and for creatinga forced draft toward said enclosure, and meansy for reversing theposition of said steam jets to reverse the flow of gasthrough saidenclosure.

6. Heating apparatus comprising a path for circulating hot gases andmeans for actuating said gases comprising a plurality of fluid-pressurejets for forcing said gases through orifices at different angles tosecure a uniform mixture thereof.

7; Heating apparatus comprising a path for circulating hot gases, andmeans for actuating said gases comprising a plurality7 `of movablymounted fluid-pressure jets ythem through said enclosure, said `mixingand actuating means being reversible whereby the direction of the gasesthrough said enclosure may be reversed. f

9. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to be heated, reversiblemeans for circulating hot gases through said enclosure in either of twoopposite directions, said en- .I comprising devices for mixing the forthe circulation of closure having an outlet through which a portion ofthe circulated gases may be with-- drawn and means for supplying hotgases to said circulating .-means yto replace the gases withdrawn7 saidcirculating means p liot gases with the relativelylcooler gases thatare-to be recirculated.

10. Heating apparatus comprisin an enclosure to be heated, a chamber,ues for connecting said chamber to said enclosure at opposite sidesthereof to provide a path for the circulation of gases through saidenclosure, an outlet for a portion of the gases in said path, a by-passchannel for connecting opposite sides of said path, a second channeladapted to supply hot gases to said bypass channel, and aspirators insaid chamber for mixing thegases returned from said enclosure and thegases from said 'bypass channel including the" hot gases suppliedthereto and for actuating the mixed gases through said path.

11. Heating apparatus comprising an enclosure to be heated, a chamber,filles for connecting said chamber to said enclosure at opposite sidesthereof to provide a path gases through said enclosure, an outlet for aportion of the gases in said path, a by-pass channel for connectingopposite sides of said path, a second channel adapted to supply hotgases to said by-pass channel, and aspirators in said chamber for mixingthe gases returned from said enclosure and the gases from .said bypasschannel including the hot gases supplied thereto and for actuating themixed gases through said path, said aspirators being movably mounted insaid chamber whereby the direction of flow of said gases through saidenclosure may be periodically 12. Heating apparatus comprising adevice'to be heated, means for reciprocating hot gases to and from saiddevice, an en closure from which gases are actuated and within whichthey are received, said enclosure having two relatively large openingsand. means for controlling said openings in accordance with thedirection of How .of

gases.

12.3. Heating apparatus comprising a device to be heated, means forreciprocating hot gases to and from said device, an envice to be heated,means for reciprocating hot gases to and from'said device, a mixing andactuating chamber for the gases to be reciprocated, said chamber havingtwo relatively large openings, and actuating means for said gases, saidactuating means being operable to at least partially obstruct the largeopening on the outlet side of said chamber while the other opening isunobstructed.

- 15. Heating apparatus comprising a plurality of fluid-pressure ets foractuating hot gases, a hollow member having relatively small openingsthrough which the hot gases are actuated by said jets and means foroperatively connecting said member and said jets to permit fluid Aunderpressure to be supplied through said member to said jets and to besuper-heated during its passage therethrough. j

In testimony whereof, I- have hereunto subscribed 'my name this 22nd dayof November, 1927.

FRANZ PUENING.

